A network topology is the arrangement of nodes, usually switches, routers, or software switch/router features and connections in a network, often represented as a graph. The topology of the network, and the relative locations of the source and destination of traffic flows on the network, determine the optimum path for each flow and the extent to which redundant options for routing exist in the event of a failure. There are two ways of defining network geometry: the physical topology and the logical (or signal) topology.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology

https://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/topologies.asp

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-network-topology/

https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/network-topology-types